INTRODUCTION:
Polymers are high molecular mass macro units from monomers,
which involve repeating structural units derived from it.
These polymers may be of natural or synthetic origin
and are classified in a number of ways. In the presence of an organic radical
initiator, the alkenes and their derivatives undergo addition polymerization to
functional groups or chain growth polymerisation through a free radical
mechanism. Polythene, teflon, orlon, etc. which are formed through addition(1-5
) polymerisation of an appropriate alkene compounds or their derivatives.
Condensation polymerisation process are shown through the interaction of
bi – or poly functional monomers containing (-SH, – NH2, – OH and –
COOH) groups.
This type of polymerisation proceeds via the
elimination reaction of simple molecules which act in (H2O, CH3OH)
etc., step-growth requires that the monomers possess two or more types of
functional groups (6-12) that are able to react with each other in
such a way that parts of these active groups combine to give a small molecule (often
H2O) which is eliminated from the two components(13-18) :
A wide number of polymer uses in various fields depend
on their unique mechanical properties act in tensile strength, elasticity,
toughness, etc. These chemical and mechanical properties are governed through
intermolecular forces, like van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, present in
the polymer(19-25). These are the poly condensation products of
dicarboxylic acids (COOH) and di alcohol groups. Dacron or terylene is the best
known example of polyesters. It is manufactured through refluxing a mixture of
ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid at 430 to 450 K in the presence of catalyst(26-36)
.
Measurements and Materials:
Melting points were recorded on Gallenkamp
melting point apparatus and were uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded by using
(FT-IR 8300 Shimadzu) in the range (400-4000) cm-1 as KBr discs.
1H.NMR–spectra were carried out in DMSO–solvent, and DSC
– Thermal Analysis, physical and analytical studies, polymeric properties, solubility
tests in Chemistry department of College.
Methods and Preparations:
Preparation of Monomer [M 1]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of ortho-phenylene di
amine and (0.02mole) of para-formal phenol in refluxing for (3hrs) in presence
of (drops of glacial acetic acid) in absolute ethanol as a solvent according to
studies (11,12) ,which gave precipitation, then filtered and
dried, re crystallized to yield Monomer [1].
Preparation of Monomer [ M 2 ]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of monomer [1] and (0.02mole)
of benzene sulphonyl chloride in refluxing for (2hrs) according to procedures
(11, 17) ,which gave precipitation, then filtered and dried, re
crystallized to yield Monomer [2].
Preparation of Polymers [P 1]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of monomer [2] and (0.02mole)
of succinic acid in refluxing for (5hrs) in presence of sulfuric acid according
to studies (11, 12) ,which produced precipitation, after filtered
and dried, re crystallized to yield polymer [1].
Preparation of Polymers [P 2]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of monomer [2] and (0.02mole)
of maliec acid in refluxing for (4hrs) in presence of sulfuric acid according
to studies (11,17) ,which produced precipitation, after filtered
and dried, re crystallized to yield polymer [2].
Preparation of Polymers [ P 3 ]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of monomer [2] and (0.02mole)
of oxalic acid in refluxing for (3hrs) in presence of sulfuric acid according
to studies(11,12) ,which produced precipitation, after filtered and
dried, re crystallized to yield polymer [3].
Preparation of Polymers [P 4]:
The reaction between (0.01mole) of monomer [2] and (0.02mole)
of malonic acid in refluxing for (3hrs) in presence of sulfuric acid according
to studies (11,12) ,which produced precipitation, after filtered and
dried, re crystallized to yield polymer [4].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The present paper involved, preparation of Monomers [M1,M2]
and polymers [P1,P2,P3,P4], then characterized them through spectral methods
act in (IR, H.NMR) and studying of thermal and analytical measurements with
chemical applications acts in (Thermal – Analysis, Solubility in different
solvents, other chemical studies) :
Spectral Studying:
The IR-spectra: appeared bands at (1611)cm1 for anil
groups (-CH=N-) in Monomer [M1], which disappeared and other bands appeared act
in {(1318 -1540), (1515, 1555)} due to
sulphone groups in Monomer [ M2] and Polymer [P 1, P2, P3, P4 ] , other bands like
(1695 -1725 )cm-1 in Polymers [P1, P2, P3, P4] due to the carbonyl
of carboxyl and ester (11, 17) group (-COO-)., and other bands are
listed in Table (1) , and some Figures (1 -3)
Chemical and Physical Properties:
Some physical and chemical properties like
Color of products from monomers and polymers, percentage of products from
reactions %, all data are summarized in Table (4):
Table(4):Physical and Chemical Properties of
Monomers and Polymers
|
Monomers, Polymers
|
Products %
|
Color
|
|
[ M 1 ]
|
80
|
Yellow
|
|
[ M 2 ]
|
78
|
Yellowish Orange
|
|
[ P 1 ]
|
84
|
Brown
|
|
[ P 2 ]
|
82
|
Reddish Brown
|
|
[ P 3 ]
|
74
|
Brown
|
|
[ P 4 ]
|
78
|
Brown
|
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ppm) of Monomers and Polymers